Author: Huang, Wanju

Augmented Reality
Solar System Magic Book

The Augmented Reality—Solar System Magic Book is created by Nedim Slijepcevic and Wanju Huang. This book contains basic descriptions and facts and features of the planets in the solar system created by the Solar System Exploration on NASA. (http://solarsystem.nasa.gov/planets/index.cfm) It also provides AR markers for each planet with which the readers can go to the Solar System AR blog to see 3D models of the planets. The idea of Augmented Reality Magic Book was originally developed by Dr. Mark Billinghurst (http://www.hitl.washington.edu/people/person.php?name=grof)
To know more about this project, please visit: http://www.jsnet.eku.edu/ARBlog/
Contact Information:
Nedim Slijepcevic Instructional Designer Office of e-Campus Learning Eastern Kentucky University Nedim.Slijepcevic@eku.edu
Wanju Huang, Ph.D. Instructional Designer Office of e-Campus Learning Eastern Kentucky University Wanju.Huang@eku.edu

EARTH

Augmented Reality
Solar System Magic Book

Basic Description

Earth is an ocean planet. Our home world's abundance of water -- and life -- makes it unique in our solar system. Other planets, plus a few moons, have ice, atmospheres, seasons and even weather, but only on Earth does the whole complicated mix come together in a way that encourages life -- and lots of it.

AR marker for Earth

Facts & Figures
Orbit Size Around Earth / (semi-major axis)	Metric: 149,598,262 km / English: 92,956,050 miles / Scientific Notation: 1.4959826 x 108 km (1.000 A.U.)
Perihelion (closest)	Metric: 147,098,291 km / English: 91,402,640 miles / Scientific Notation: 1.47098 x 108 km (9.833 x 10-1 A.U.)
Aphelion (farthest)	Metric: 152,098,233 km / English: 94,509,460 miles / Scientific Notation: 1.52098 x 108 km (1.017 A.U.)
Mean Radius	Metric: 6,371.00 km / English: 3,958.8 miles / Scientific Notation: 6.3710 x 103 km
Mean Circumference	Metric: 40,030.2 km / English: 24,873.6 miles / Scientific Notation: 4.00302 x 104 km
Volume	Metric: 1,083,206,916,846 km3 / English: 259,875,159,532 mi3 / Scientific Notation: 1.08321 x 1012 km3
Mass	Metric: 5,972,190,000,000,000,000,000,000 kg / Scientific Notation: 5.9722 x 1024 kg
Density	Metric: 5.513 g/cm3
Surface Area	Metric: 510,064,472 km2 / English: 196,936,994 square miles / Scientific Notation: 5.1006 x 108 km2
Surface Gravity	Metric: 9.80665 m/s2 / English: 32.041 ft/s2
Escape Velocity	Metric: 40,284 km/h / English: 25,031 mph / Scientific Notation: 1.119 x 104 m/s

MERCURY

Augmented Reality
Solar System Magic Book

Basic Description

Sun-scorched Mercury is only slightly larger than Earth's Moon. Like the Moon, Mercury has very little atmosphere to stop impacts, and it is covered with craters. Mercury's dayside is super-heated by the sun, but at night temperatures drop hundreds of degrees below freezing. Ice may even exist in craters. Mercury's egg-shaped orbit takes it around the sun every 88 days.

AR marker for Mercury

Facts & Figures
Orbit Size Around Mercury / (semi-major axis)	Metric: 57,909,227 km / English: 35,983,125 miles / Scientific Notation: 5.7909227 x 107 km (0.38709927 A.U.)
Perihelion (closest)	Metric: 46,001,009 km / English: 28,583,702 miles / Scientific Notation: 4.600 x 107 km (3.075 x 10-1 A.U.)
Aphelion (farthest)	Metric: 69,817,445 km / English: 43,382,549 miles / Scientific Notation: 6.982 x 107 km (0.4667 A.U.)
Mean Radius	Metric: 2,439.7 km / English: 1,516.0 miles / Scientific Notation: 2.4397 x 103 km
Mean Circumference	Metric: 15,329.1 km / English: 9,525.1 miles / Scientific Notation: 1.53291 x 104 km
Volume	Metric: 60,827,208,742 km3 / English: 14,593,223,446 mi3 / Scientific Notation: 6.08272 x 1010 km3
Mass	Metric: 330,104,000,000,000,000,000,000 kg / Scientific Notation: 3.3010 x 1023 kg
Density	Metric: 5.427 g/cm3
Surface Area	Metric: 74,797,000 km2 / English: 28,879,000 square miles / Scientific Notation: 7.4797 x 107 km2
Surface Gravity	Metric: 3.7 m/s2 / English: 12.1 ft/s2
Escape Velocity	Metric: 15,300 km/h / English: 9,507 mph / Scientific Notation: 4.25 x 103 m/s

SUN

Augmented Reality
Solar System Magic Book

Basic Description

The sun is a star, a hot ball of glowing gases at the heart of our solar system. Its influence extends far beyond the orbits of distant Neptune and Pluto. Without the sun's intense energy and heat, there would be no life on Earth. And though it is special to us, there are billions of stars like our sun scattered across the Milky Way galaxy.

AR marker for Sun

Facts & Figures
Mean Radius	Metric: 695,508 km / English: 432,168.6 miles / Scientific Notation: 6.9551 x 105 km
Mean Circumference	Metric: 4,370,005.6 km / English: 2,715,395.6 miles / Scientific Notation: 4.37001 x 106 km
Volume	Metric: 1,409,272,569,059,860,000 km3 / English: 338,102,469,632,763,000 mi3 / Scientific Notation: 1.40927 x 1018 km3
Mass	Metric: 1,989,100,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000 kg / English: 4,385,214,857,119,400,000,000,000,000,000 lbs / Scientific Notation: 1.989 x 1030 kg
Density	Metric: 1.409 g/cm3
Surface Area	Metric: 6,078,747,774,547 km2 / English: 2,347,017,636,988 square miles / Scientific Notation: 6.07877 x 1012 km2
Surface Gravity	Metric: 274.0 m/s2 / English: 899.0 ft/s2 / Scientific Notation: 2.740 x 102 m/s2
Escape Velocity	Metric: 2,223,720 km/h / English: 1,381,756 mph / Scientific Notation: 6.177 x 105 m/s
Sidereal Rotation Period / (Length of Day)	25.38 Earth days / 609.12 hours
Equatorial Inclination to Orbit	7.25 with respect to the ecliptic
Minimum/Maximum Surface Temperature	Metric: 5,500 °C / English: 10,000 °F

VENUS

Augmented Reality
Solar System Magic Book

Basic Description

Venus is a dim world of intense heat and volcanic activity. Similar in structure and size to Earth, Venus' thick, toxic atmosphere traps heat in a runaway "greenhouse effect." The scorched world has temperatures hot enough to melt lead. Glimpses below the clouds reveal volcanoes and deformed mountains. Venus spins slowly in the opposite direction of most planets.

AR marker for Venus

Facts & Figures
Orbit Size Around Venus / (semi-major axis)	Metric: 108,209,475 km / English: 67,238,251 miles / Scientific Notation: 1.0820948 x 108 km (7.2333566 x 10-1 A.U.)
Perihelion (closest)	Metric: 107,476,170 km / English: 66,782,596 miles / Scientific Notation: 1.07476 x 108 km (7.184 x 10-1 A.U.)
Aphelion (farthest)	Metric: 108,942,780 km / English: 67,693,905 miles / Scientific Notation: 1.08943 x 108 km (0.7282 A.U.)
Mean Radius	Metric: 2,439.7 km / English: 1,516.0 miles / Scientific Notation: 2.4397 x 103 km
Mean Circumference	Metric: 38,024.6 km / English: 23,627.4 miles / Scientific Notation: 3.80246 x 104 km
Volume	Metric: 928,415,345,893 km3 / English: 222,738,686,740 mi3 / Scientific Notation: 9.28415 x 1011 km3
Mass	Metric: 4,867,320,000,000,000,000,000,000 kg / Scientific Notation: 4.8673 x 1024 kg
Density	Metric: 5.243 g/cm3
Surface Area	Metric: 460,234,317 km2 / English: 177,697,463 square miles / Scientific Notation: 4.6023 x 108 km2
Surface Gravity	Metric: 8.87 m/s2 / English: 29.1 ft/s2
Escape Velocity	Metric: 37,296 km/h / English: 23,175 mph / Scientific Notation: 1.036 x 104 m/s

MOON

Augmented Reality
Solar System Magic Book

Basic Description

Our Moon makes Earth a more livable planet by moderating our home planet's wobble on its axis, leading to a relatively stable climate, and creating a rhythm that has guided humans for thousands of years. The Moon was likely formed after a Mars-sized body collided with Earth and the debris formed into the most prominent feature in our night sky.

AR marker for Moon

Facts & Figures
Orbit Size Around Earth / (semi-major axis)	Metric: 384,400 km / English: 238,855 miles / Scientific Notation: 3.84400 x 105 km (0.00257 A.U.)
Perihelion (closest)	Metric: 363,104 km / English: 225,623 miles / Scientific Notation: 3.631 x 105 km (2.427 x 10-3 A.U.)
Aphelion (farthest)	Metric: 405,696 km / English: 252,088 miles / Scientific Notation: 4.051 x 105 km (2.712 x 10-3 A.U.)
Mean Radius	Metric: 1737.5 km / English: 1079.6 miles / Scientific Notation: 1.738 x 103 km
Mean Circumference	Metric: 10,917.0 km / English: 6,783.5 miles / Scientific Notation: 1.0917 x 104 km
Volume	Metric: 21,971,669,064 km3 / Scientific Notation: 2.197 x 1010 km3
Mass	Metric: 73,476,730,924,573,500,000,000 kg / Scientific Notation: 7.3477 x 1022 kg
Density	Metric: 3.344 g/cm3
Surface Area	Metric: 37,936,694.79 km2 / English: 14,647,439.75 square miles / Scientific Notation: 3.793669 x 107 km2
Surface Gravity	Metric: 1.624 m/s2 / English: 5.328 ft/s2 / Scientific Notation: 1.624 m/s2
Escape Velocity	Metric: 8,552 km/h / English: 5,314 mph / Scientific Notation: 2,376 m/s

MARS

Augmented Reality
Solar System Magic Book

Basic Description

Mars is a cold desert world. It is half the diameter of Earth and has the same amount of dry land. Like Earth, Mars has seasons, polar ice caps, volcanoes, canyons and weather, but its atmosphere is too thin for liquid water to exist for long on the surface. There are signs of ancient floods on Mars, but evidence for water now exists mainly in icy soil and thin clouds.

AR marker for Mars

Facts & Figures
Orbit Size Around Mars / (semi-major axis)	Metric: 227,943,824 km / English: 141,637,725 miles / Scientific Notation: 2.2794382 x 108 km (1.523662 A.U.)
Perihelion (closest)	Metric: 206,655,215 km / English: 128,409,598 miles / Scientific Notation: 2.06655 x 108 km (1.381 A.U.)
Aphelion (farthest)	Metric: 249,232,432 km / English: 154,865,853 miles / Scientific Notation: 2.49232 x 108 km (1.666 A.U.)
Mean Radius	Metric: 3,389.5 km / English: 2,106.1 miles / Scientific Notation: 3.3895 x 103 km
Mean Circumference	Metric: 21,344 km / English: 13,263 miles / Scientific Notation: 2.1344 x 104 km
Volume	Metric: 163,115,609,799 km3 / English: 39,133,515,914 mi3 / Scientific Notation: 1.63116 X 1011 km3
Mass	Metric: 641,693,000,000,000,000,000,000 kg / Scientific Notation: 6.4169 x 1023 kg
Density	Metric: 3.934 g/cm3
Surface Area	Metric: 144,371,391 km2 / English: 55,742,106 square miles / Scientific Notation: 1.4437 x 108 km2
Surface Gravity	Metric: 3.71 m/s2 / English: 12.2 ft/s2
Escape Velocity	Metric: 18,108 km/h / English: 11,252 mph / Scientific Notation: 5.030 x 103 m/s

JUPITER

Augmented Reality
Solar System Magic Book

Basic Description

Jupiter, the most massive planet in our solar system -- with dozens of moons and an enormous magnetic field -- forms a kind of miniature solar system. Jupiter does resemble a star in composition, but it did not grow big enough to ignite. The planet's swirling cloud stripes are punctuated by massive storms such as the Great Red Spot, which has raged for hundreds of years.

AR marker for Jupiter

Facts & Figures
Orbit Size Around Jupiter / (semi-major axis)	Metric: 778,340,821 km / English: 483,638,564 miles / Scientific Notation: 7.7834082 x 108 km (5.2028870 A.U.)
Perihelion (closest)	Metric: 740,679,835 km / English: 460,237,112 miles / Scientific Notation: 7.40680 x 108 km (4.951 A.U.)
Aphelion (farthest)	Metric: 816,001,807 km / English: 507,040,015 miles / Scientific Notation: 8.16002 x 108 km (5.455 A.U.)
Mean Radius	Metric: 69,911 km / English: 43,440.7 miles / Scientific Notation: 6.9911 x 104 km
Mean Circumference	Metric: 439,263.8 km / English: 272,945.9 miles / Scientific Notation: 4.39264 x 105 km
Volume	Metric: 1,431,281,810,739,360 km3 / English: 343,382,767,518,322 mi3 / Scientific Notation: 1.43128 x 1015 km3
Mass	Metric: 1,898,130,000,000,000,000,000,000,000 kg / Scientific Notation: 1.8981 x 1027 kg
Density	Metric: 1.326 g/cm3
Surface Area	Metric: 61,418,738,571 km2 / English: 23,713,907,537 square miles / Scientific Notation: 6.1419 x 1010 km2
Surface Gravity	Metric: 24.79 m/s2 / English: 81.3 ft/s2
Escape Velocity	Metric: 216,720 km/h / English: 134,664 mph / Scientific Notation: 6.020 x 104 m/s

SATURN

Augmented Reality
Solar System Magic Book

Basic Description

Adorned with thousands of beautiful ringlets, Saturn is unique among the planets. All four gas giant planets have rings -- made of chunks of ice and rock -- but none are as spectacular or as complicated as Saturn's. Like the other gas giants, Saturn is mostly a massive ball of hydrogen and helium.

AR marker for Saturn

Facts & Figures
Orbit Size Around Saturn / (semi-major axis)	Metric: 1,426,666,422 km / English: 886,489,415 miles / Scientific Notation: 1.4266664 x 109 km (9.53667594 A.U.)
Perihelion (closest)	Metric: 1,349,823,615 km / English: 838,741,509 miles / Scientific Notation: 1.34982 x 109 km (9.023 A.U.)
Aphelion (farthest)	Metric: 1,503,509,229 km / English: 934,237,322 miles / Scientific Notation: 1.50351 x 109 km (1.005 x 101 A.U.)
Mean Radius	Metric: 58,232 km / English: 36,183.7 miles / Scientific Notation: 5.8232 x 104 km
Mean Circumference	Metric: 365,882.4 km / English: 227,348.8 miles / Scientific Notation: 3.65882 x 105 km
Volume	Metric: 827,129,915,150,897 km3 / English: 198,439,019,647,006 mi3 / Scientific Notation: 8.2713 x 1014 km3
Mass	Metric: 568,319,000,000,000,000,000,000,000 kg / Scientific Notation: 5.6832 x 1026 kg
Density	Metric: 0.687 g/cm3
Surface Area	Metric: 42,612,133,285 km2 / English: 16,452,636,641 square miles / Scientific Notation: 4.2612 x 1010 km2
Surface Gravity	Metric: 10.4* m/s2 / English: 34.3 ft/s2
Escape Velocity	Metric: 129,924 km/h / English: 80,731 mph / Scientific Notation: 3.609 x 104 m/s

NEPTUNE

Augmented Reality
Solar System Magic Book

Basic Description

Dark, cold and whipped by supersonic winds, Neptune is the last of the hydrogen and helium gas giants in our solar system. More than 30 times as far from the sun as Earth, the planet takes almost 165 Earth years to orbit our sun. In 2011 Neptune completed its first orbit since its discovery in 1846.

AR marker for Neptune

Facts & Figures
Orbit Size Around Earth / (semi-major axis)	Metric: 4,498,396,441 km English: 2,795,173,960 miles Scientific Notation: 4.4983964 x 109 km (3.0069923 x 101 A.U.)
Perihelion (closest)	Metric: 4,459,753,056 km English: 2,771,162,074 miles Scientific Notation: 4.45975 x 109 km (2.981 x 101 A.U.)
Aphelion (farthest)	Metric: 4,537,039,826 km English: 2,819,185,846 miles Scientific Notation: 4.53704 x 109 km (3.033 x 101 A.U.)
Mean Radius	Metric: 24,622 km English: 15,299.4 miles Scientific Notation: 2.4622 x 104 km
Mean Circumference	Metric: 154,704.6 km English: 96,129.0 miles Scientific Notation: 1.54705 x 105 km
Volume	Metric: 62,525,703,987,421 km3 English: 15,000,714,125,712 mi3 Scientific Notation: 6.25257 x 1013 km3
Mass	Metric: 102,410,000,000,000,000,000,000,000 kg Scientific Notation: 1.0241 x 1026 kg
Density	Metric: 1.638 g/cm3
Surface Area	Metric: 7,618,272,763 km2 English: 2,941,431,558 square miles Scientific Notation: 7.6183 x 109 km2
Surface Gravity	Metric: 11.15 m/s2 English: 36.6 ft/s2
Escape Velocity	Metric: 84,816 km/h English: 52,702 mph Scientific Notation: 2.356 x 104 m/s